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An ocean liner is a totally enclosed system.

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It has medical, hospitals, emergency rooms.

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but it has no kitchens in the bedrooms. There's a dining area.

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It's inefficient to put a kitchen in every bedroom

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on the ocean liner. Do you understand that?

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They have areas set aside for that.

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They have a nurse, several nurses, on the ocean liner

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but what does a nurse do? A nurse can bandage.

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She can close in surgery.

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There's no reason why

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the future will not have automated systems for doing that.

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They can invite a doctor from any area of the globe

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on board that boat. They can invite him

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as a virtual image or as a symbol manipulator

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and that doctor can study the condition without being there.

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You have a totally different system. That's why I use the term

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'total enclosure systems'.

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Each building generates its own electricity.

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It provides for all human needs

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and even grows or prepares food in the building.

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Today you have places where you have fast food.

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You have 15 cooks and waitresses and all that.

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In the future, you'll be able to extrude the food

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very rapidly with no people at all. You don't need people.

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You don't need waitresses, cooks, and all.

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What you need is the food handled

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the way the food is handled by people, only much faster.

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Remember, it takes a doctor time to diagnose.

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He's got to study the symbols and tell what the problem might be.

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Scanning by machine is very fast.

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I can't tell you exactly what hospitals will look like

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or what the cities will look like.

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Although we know that beds would be very similar

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only they'd be more flexible.

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Not only that, the bed will have monitors built-in.

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If there's any kind of emergency, the bed can stimulate you

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out of that emergency and call for help without you even knowing it.

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If you have palpitations or unusual physical conditions

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while you're asleep, a staff would arrive.

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When I say 'total enclosure' I mean

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methods for dealing with all problems that humans might have.

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Does that mean there won't be a kitchen in every home?

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There will be, during the transition.

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Until we realize, instead of having 5,000 homes

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with 5,000 sinks and 5,000 ovens

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and refrigerators, you have gigantic refrigerators

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and a food preparation system. Do you understand that?

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It will not be like it is today.

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When people look at these cities that I drew up here

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they picture conventional approaches:

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a bedroom, a kitchen, a dining room, a dining area

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because you have people over for lunch

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the same value systems we have today.

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I would say that this is where the future is going

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and the future design would depend on how far into the future

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and how far technology has gone.

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When they can read symbols and make diagnosis

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when a machine can do drafting instead of thousands of draftsmen...

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A machine can do drafting much faster than man.

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It can scan those lines in

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if you put in the specifications of what you want.

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If you want a hospital to house a thousand people

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with the most economical structures

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which have built-in heating and cooling systems

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all that can be stored in information systems.

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The building can probably be forthcoming in minutes

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than rather hours that it takes draftsmen to do it

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and the amount of draftsmen and the amount of space allotted for things

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will not be the same. If you took an industrial area

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with movable walls

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and if some manufacturing process needed

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the production of 100 aerocars a day

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that space could be assembled.

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The movable walls could move to accommodate the production methods.

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If the production methods are faster two years from now

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the walls come together, the factory is smaller

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and the production rate is higher.

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Whatever you have today: ovens, kitchens; all those things

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will be smaller in the future, produce things much faster

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and not occupy the same space.

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When you say "How much space do you need for hospitals?"

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It depends: If people eat nutritious food, do exercise

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you don't have many hospitals.

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I can't tell you exactly what the hospital space will be

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or how technical they will be.

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I can only say this:

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The future will occupy much less space for the same turnout

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and that's the message. If you try to design a city

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with a hundred drafting tables in it, or 30 machines

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that is with today's thinking.

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And the building will get...The zone that creates that

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will be smaller and have less people.

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Instead of having generalists

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where the doctor is a generalist and he knows

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everything from neurology to other physical problems

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it's much easier to have computers with that information.

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Not only do they scan you and record it in symbolic logic

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what the condition is, it is then read.

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Instead of doctors, it's read by a machine, very rapidly

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and then the appropriate action can be taken by a machine

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if it's surgery or whatever else is required.

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To sit down and design a surgical system

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based on today's values and today's methodology

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would be inappropriate for the future.

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A city of that size will do ten times the work

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that a city today of the same size does.

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That's why I can't give you an exact description

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of what hospitals will be like, only an overview, in general.

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A ship is a total enclosure system.

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A passenger liner that has a thousand passengers

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has hospital equipment, cooking, dining areas, sleeping areas

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air conditioned, children's room, and nurses take care of children.

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It has everything that a thousand passengers may need.

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Do you understand that? A ship is almost a total enclosure system.

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It doesn't generate its own energy.

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It uses machines, diesel engines

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to generate electricity to operate the generators.

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In the future, the surface of the ship

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will supply the energy needed. The wave power

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and the surrounding area will supply that ship

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with the energy it needs rather than require input.

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Most of the buildings that I draw that you see there

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can be put in the cities of the future on the outer perimeter.

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You need not... You can use the same basic drawings that I have today

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but trying to fill in the buildings, as to what's in them

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I'd rather not divulge that specific information.

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I can go into specifics

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but they would only serve temporarily.

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The method of delivery of people or moving people

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depends on the technology of the future

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and it depends on how easy it is to move people.

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If you have total enclosure systems, it means each system

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is self-operating. It doesn't depend on central power

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but they're all connected to the central computer

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and they're connected to all events in other cities.

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If the city system mechanisms fail

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other mechanisms take over

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and notify the appropriate people

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or the appropriate machines to carry out a given task.

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They took all kinds of cardiograms of me today

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and then it goes to the cardiologist.

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The blood test is divided into different systems

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where people with microscopes analyze the blood.

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Whatever they see, they draw conclusions.

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If it's symbolic rather than visual, they draw conclusions.

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Machines can draw the same conclusions and many more.

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(Roxanne) They've had experiments where they've given the same blood

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to many different labs and they drew up different conclusions.

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- I know, because their equipment varies in sensitivity, sometimes

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and the time period, the temperature and other variables

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which are not controlled. Also the profit motive

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affects how late their equipment is, how modern.

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People are more concerned with how many customers

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or how many clients they've had.

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The future concern is: optimizing human performance

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which is very different, or equipment performance

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making it date optimal

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and all information's available and no patents

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so you can use the latest information in designing your machinery.

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You can correspond with people that know more about it than you do

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or you can correspond with machines that know more about it than you do.

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I can't say. It depends on when it's built.

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"Total Enclosure Systems" from Series 4 (DVD or CD); Lecture Series 2010-2011